"fellen" meaning in Middle English

See fellen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈfɛlən/, /ˈvylən/ [Southern], /ˈvalən/, /ˈvɛlən/ (note: Southwest Midland)
Etymology: Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan, Mercian Old English fællan and West Saxon Old English fiellan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną, causative of *fallaną (see fallen). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang-ang|fellan|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Anglian Old English fellan, {{inh+|enm|ang-ang|fellan}} Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan, {{cog|ang-mer|fællan}} Mercian Old English fællan, {{cog|ang-wsx|fiellan}} West Saxon Old English fiellan, {{der|enm|gmw-pro|*fallijan}} Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*fallijaną}} Proto-Germanic *fallijaną Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} fellen, {{enm-verb|felleth|fellynge|felled}} fellen (third-person singular simple present felleth, present participle fellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle felled) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|fell|c2=de}} Forms: felleth [present, singular, third-person], fellynge [participle, present], felled [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], fellen [infinitive], to fellen [infinitive], felle [infinitive], felle [first-person, present, singular], felled [first-person, past, singular], felde [first-person, past, singular], fellest [present, second-person, singular], felledest [past, second-person, singular], feldest [past, second-person, singular], felleth [present, singular, third-person], felled [past, singular, third-person], felde [past, singular, third-person], felle [present, singular, subjunctive], felled [past, singular, subjunctive], felde [past, singular, subjunctive], felle [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], fellen [plural, present], felle [plural, present], felleden [past, plural], fellede [past, plural], felden [past, plural], felde [past, plural], felleth [imperative, plural, present], felle [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], fellynge [participle, present], fellende [participle, present], felled [participle, past], feld [participle, past], yfelled [participle, past], yfeld [participle, past], felle [alternative], fallen [alternative], fællen [alternative], feollen [alternative], vallen [alternative], fell [alternative, Northern], falle [alternative], vellen [alternative]
  1. (transitive) To cause to drop or fall:
    To fell or chop; to cause to topple.
    Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-uerUOsrl Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
  2. (transitive) To cause to drop or fall:
    To knock or strike down with an attack.
    Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-EJki9ioH Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
  3. (transitive) To cause to drop or fall:
    To demolish a building or structure.
    Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-LoraTDQj
  4. (transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:
    To defeat, overcome, or overthrow.
    Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-78YoSARy Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
  5. (transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:
    To eliminate or suppress (an emotion)
    Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-YqZLdbXx Categories (other): Emotions, Violence Disambiguation of Emotions: 3 0 0 4 48 4 0 37 4 Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
  6. (transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:
    To kill; to end the life of.
    Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-KZVRIdht Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
  7. (transitive, figuratively) To debase or ruin morally. Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-NwfqjrQf
  8. (transitive, rare) To mow (a lawn) Tags: rare, transitive
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-nJDJav9i Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Violence Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 2 6 3 8 8 7 9 9 9 7 25 9 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 5 2 6 6 5 7 7 7 5 43 7 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 12 7 6 11 7 7 7 34 10 Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: fellere
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Death Disambiguation of Death: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Verb

Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|altform=1}} fellen
  1. alternative form of fillen Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: fillen
    Sense id: en-fellen-enm-verb-HQtMamZS Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Categories (other): Death Disambiguation of Death: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Death",
      "orig": "enm:Death",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "fell"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "fell"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "fell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang-ang",
        "3": "fellan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Anglian Old English fellan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang-ang",
        "3": "fellan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang-mer",
        "2": "fællan"
      },
      "expansion": "Mercian Old English fællan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang-wsx",
        "2": "fiellan"
      },
      "expansion": "West Saxon Old English fiellan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*fallijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fallijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan, Mercian Old English fællan and West Saxon Old English fiellan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną, causative of *fallaną (see fallen).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felledest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfelled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfeld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fallen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fællen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feollen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vallen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "falle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vellen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fellen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "felleth",
        "2": "fellynge",
        "3": "felled"
      },
      "expansion": "fellen (third-person singular simple present felleth, present participle fellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle felled)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fell",
        "c2": "de"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              109,
              114
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              108,
              114
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The gleaming swords went back and forth / so violently that with the smallest stroke, / it seemed like it'd topple an oak.",
          "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 23, recto:",
          "text": "The brıghte swerdes / wenten to and fro / So hıdouſlẏ / that wıth the leeſte ſtrook / It ſemed / as ıt wolde felle an ook",
          "translation": "The gleaming swords went back and forth / so violently that with the smallest stroke, / it seemed like it'd topple an oak.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To fell or chop; to cause to topple."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-uerUOsrl",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ],
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "topple",
          "topple"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To fell or chop; to cause to topple."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To knock or strike down with an attack."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-EJki9ioH",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To knock or strike down with an attack."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To demolish a building or structure."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-LoraTDQj",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "demolish",
          "demolish"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To demolish a building or structure."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To defeat, overcome, or overthrow."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-78YoSARy",
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat"
        ],
        [
          "overcome",
          "overcome"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To defeat, overcome, or overthrow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 0 0 4 48 4 0 37 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To eliminate or suppress (an emotion)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-YqZLdbXx",
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "eliminate",
          "eliminate"
        ],
        [
          "suppress",
          "suppress"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To eliminate or suppress (an emotion)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To kill; to end the life of."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-KZVRIdht",
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To kill; to end the life of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To debase or ruin morally."
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-NwfqjrQf",
      "links": [
        [
          "debase",
          "debase"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "morally",
          "morally"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To debase or ruin morally."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 6 3 8 8 7 9 9 9 7 25 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 5 2 6 6 5 7 7 7 5 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 7 6 11 7 7 7 34 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mow (a lawn)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-nJDJav9i",
      "links": [
        [
          "mow",
          "mow"
        ],
        [
          "lawn",
          "lawn#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, rare) To mow (a lawn)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɛlən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvylən/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvalən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɛlən/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fellen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Death",
      "orig": "enm:Death",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "fellen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "fillen"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 9 12 12 12 9 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of fillen"
      ],
      "id": "en-fellen-enm-verb-HQtMamZS",
      "links": [
        [
          "fillen",
          "fillen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fellen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglian Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Anglian Old English",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Violence"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "fell"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "fell"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "fell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang-ang",
        "3": "fellan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Anglian Old English fellan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang-ang",
        "3": "fellan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang-mer",
        "2": "fællan"
      },
      "expansion": "Mercian Old English fællan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang-wsx",
        "2": "fiellan"
      },
      "expansion": "West Saxon Old English fiellan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*fallijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fallijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Anglian Old English fellan, Mercian Old English fællan and West Saxon Old English fiellan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną, causative of *fallaną (see fallen).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felledest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfelled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfeld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "felle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fallen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fællen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feollen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vallen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "falle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vellen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fellen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "felleth",
        "2": "fellynge",
        "3": "felled"
      },
      "expansion": "fellen (third-person singular simple present felleth, present participle fellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle felled)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fell",
        "c2": "de"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              109,
              114
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              108,
              114
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The gleaming swords went back and forth / so violently that with the smallest stroke, / it seemed like it'd topple an oak.",
          "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 23, recto:",
          "text": "The brıghte swerdes / wenten to and fro / So hıdouſlẏ / that wıth the leeſte ſtrook / It ſemed / as ıt wolde felle an ook",
          "translation": "The gleaming swords went back and forth / so violently that with the smallest stroke, / it seemed like it'd topple an oak.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To fell or chop; to cause to topple."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ],
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "topple",
          "topple"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To fell or chop; to cause to topple."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To knock or strike down with an attack."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To knock or strike down with an attack."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To demolish a building or structure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "demolish",
          "demolish"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to drop or fall:",
        "To demolish a building or structure."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To defeat, overcome, or overthrow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat"
        ],
        [
          "overcome",
          "overcome"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To defeat, overcome, or overthrow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To eliminate or suppress (an emotion)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "eliminate",
          "eliminate"
        ],
        [
          "suppress",
          "suppress"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To eliminate or suppress (an emotion)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To kill; to end the life of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To cease, end, or stop:",
        "To kill; to end the life of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To debase or ruin morally."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "debase",
          "debase"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "morally",
          "morally"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figuratively) To debase or ruin morally."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mow (a lawn)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mow",
          "mow"
        ],
        [
          "lawn",
          "lawn#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, rare) To mow (a lawn)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɛlən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvylən/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvalən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɛlən/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fellen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Violence"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "fellen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "fillen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of fillen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fillen",
          "fillen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fellen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fellen meaning in Middle English (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.